Jaintiapur and Kanaighat upazilas on the north, Fenchuganj and Barlekha upazilas on the south, Beanibazar and Barlekha upazilas on the east, Sylhet Sadar upazila on the west.

Golabganj thana, now an upazila, was established in 1922. The upazila consists of 11 union parishads, 108 mouzas and 254 villages.

Golabganj Upazila is located in Sylhet District. Upazilla(s)/Thana(s) in Sylhet are Balaganj Upazila, Beanibazar Upazila, Bishwanath Upazila, Companiganj Upazila, Fenchuganj Upazila, Golabganj Upazila, Gowainghat Upazila, Jaintiapur Upazila, Kanaighat Upazila, Sylhet Sadar Upazila, Zakiganj Upazila.